Where to begin?

I'm new to the forums and having a garden. Last year I did pot planting of veg and was IMO quite successful but this year i'd like to venture into the real dirt. It's probably important to say I'm in west Scotland outside Glasgow so you'll understand the weather is dodo and from what I gather, planting is generally a month later than down south due to lingering frosts etc.

I'm an impatient soul and while i have ordered some recommended books, I want to start NOW! Just the planning and knowing what to do. Once motivated it becomes a mild obsession

While books are great, they're no substitute for human experience. Sadly there is no one in real life who can help me with this... So please Internet allotment peeps, help me.

I'm thinking raised beds to keep the child and dog away (ha!) the area I have is slightly shaded thanks to neighbours monstrous trees and there's a greenhouse just above it which gets sun from 10am until sundown.

The whole neighbourhood is quite mossy so drainage may be an issue.

Last year I was successful with carrots, courgettes and tomatoes. I would like to add potatoes to my list and broccoli quite possibly garlic, although was unsuccessful last summer. I also love leeks and spring onions, would this be possible too? My partner wants aubergines too.

Can anyone offer advice or help me know where I should begin?

Thank you in advance

Wow, you're on the blocks and raring to go. Just watch you dont race off too soon and make a false start.

For obvious reasons it is difficult, if not nigh on impossible, for anyone not in your area to give sound specific advice.
I'm guessing that somewhere near you there will be some allotments, check with the local council where they are, might be worth a few visits just to chat to someone reasonably locally for basic ideas of how climate does actually affect your area, you might also get some ideas which can be adapted to suit garden growing.
Checked the library for gardening clubs in the area?

You mentioned 'raised beds' and the hope it will keep children & dogs off, pretty unlikely in the case of the latter if they are used to using the area. Unless its a small dog and very tall raised beds.  

We've never grown aubergines so no idea what their requirements are so saying nothing about those.

Providing you have the space I wouldn't have thought there would be a problem with the rest of your list.

Re your suspicion there may be a ground drainage issue locally, what do you intend filling the raised beds with soil wise ? At least you should be able to aid drainage through the beds.