Sucession Planting

You'd probably get away with it for beetroots as I don't think they have many associated pests or diseases.

As a root crop they need phosphorus (the P in the NPK ratio you'll see on fertilisers) as a nutrient so apply either general purpose balanced fertiliser or bonemeal before planting.

You could get away with it with most veg for a couple of times but it's not to be recommended year after year. Try square foot or block planting and you can just move the blocks around the plot I did that with beet this year and harvested them all at golf ball size. Some I boiled and sliced and some I pickled. If you let them get too big and they get stressed they end up woody and horrible.