Ive got a similar space in back garden (3 raised beds about 1m x 2.2m), north facing but gets a lot of sun mid May - mid Sept.
I havent given an ounce of thought to companion planting, rotations etc. Just plant things in such a way that enables me to maximise food for my hungry veg loving family! So that means a mini Munty frame for beans across one whole bed (with the seeds right up against a long side), and 4 courgette plants underneath. If its a good spring, a catch crop of little gem before the courgettes start sprawling.
In the second bed, its garlic (planted pretty close together in Novembe), perp spinach / chard, and calbrese (to be replaced by carrots next year). Once there's space, I put in some PSB and Kale in this bed (started in large pots) around August when garlic and calbrese are finished.
The third bed is in most shade and has herbs (chives, coriander, parsley), salad, beetroot and some parsnips.
Throughout all this I pop in leeks here and there (started in cat litter tray - they really take off, even in a cramped, shady spot once you put them in final position).
I only grow hanging basket toms (keep in sunny kitchen window until wife threatens divorce, then they're out in pots in very well sheltered, sunniest spot next to house wall with the fleece at the ready). Was harvesting loads from late June this year, not bad for Perthshire
Potatoes are in big tubs round side of house so quite heavy shade - generally do great though.
I also have a long border against a fence like yours. Last winter I put in rhubarb, currants and some rasp canes. Strawbs are in a separate tall patio planter. Oh, I also squeeze in celery wherever I can find a partially shaded spot that retains moisture well (start celery pretty early indoors, then move to cold frame early April before planting out early May).
Hope that helps a bit. Basically, I get a pretty good crop June through to end of September with no need for greenhouse. Inevitably there's little in the way of winter veg (apart from stored garlic, a little kale / PSB / leeks / chard) but then there's only so much you can do with a small garden.