GG I have both a pressure canner and a regular water bath canner. The type of food I'm preserving determines which of them I use. For things likes peaches, pears, applesauce, salsa and jam I use the water bath canner. The high acidity combined with the heat kills off any "nasties" lol. I use the pressure canner for things that are low acid foods like potatoes, French beans, dry beans etc. it can also be used to preserve meat, poultry and seafood. The maximum temp that my water bath canner will ever get, no matter how long it's left one the stove, is 212F. The minimum temp reached by pressure canner is 240F. The higher heat level is able to kill off any "nasties" found in low acid foods, Clostridium botulinum in particular since it thrives in low acid, anaerobic environments. The higher heat destroys the bacteria and its spores. Both canners can be used for tomato products, but they are considered to be on the "borderline" between high and low acid so many recipes call for added lemon juice, vinegar or citric acid. Generally speaking, you can put a hot substance into a jar and it will seal on its own quite easily. The purpose of putting the jars into either type of canner, is to ensure that the contents of the jar are heated all the way through, killing bacteria and mold and creating the conditions for a stronger vacuum seal.
Allotment man I believe it was sometime during WW1 that the government here started encouraging people to preserve their own foods and they started putting together guidelines so that the average person could do so in the safest way possible. Just like with any science, techniques and practices evolved as more research was done and newer methods were developed and continue to change. Practices can still vary greatly from person to person. Reusing commercial jars used to be fairly common practice 80+ years ago in addition to using the Ball jars. I don't think it's popular because the supplies are readily available here, I think the supplies are readily available because the demand is there. When the government stepped in to make canning accessible it sort of naturally progressed into the creation of standardized jars for home canning use. Recipes are written for quantities that generally call for half pint, pint or quart sized jars. (Though Ball has reintroduced the pint and a half sized ones, and they do make half gallon sized ones too). I believe canning is also popular/common in Canada as well and supplies are pretty accessible there too.