Some shop bought spuds are treated with a sprout inhibitor to increase their shelf life so you may get no or limited sprouts, therefore a reduced yield/poor growth. Organic ones should be ok though I suppose.
Also, seed potatoes are often described as virus free, a guarantee not offered on those meant for eating.
This said, plenty grow supermarket spuds without issues so why not give them a go, you won't do any harm, the worst that can happen is disappointment at harvest time.